Addicts and substance abusers who seek treatment are referred to the type of program to which they will be most compatible with. This in terms of their personality, cultural considerations, substance abuse situation and prior treatment experiences.  The treatment model is comprehensive - physical detoxification, therapeutic communities, day-care centers, individual and group treatment sessions, family intervention, and rehabilitation, involving legal counseling, assistance with housing, studies, vocational rehabilitation and follow-up counseling. Israel's harm reduction approach has developed over the years, beginning with methadone substitution programs (first center opened in 1975). Today, other drug-substitutes are available, such as  bruponorphine (Subotex), for patients who are unable to undergo complete drug detox. As part of this approach, needle exchange programs are availble in several locations and walk-in clinics assist addicts with rapid admission into treatment programs.

IADA's Treatment and Rehabilitation Department's main functions are two fold:

1. Establishing policies and coordinating between all public entities involved in the treatment and rehabilitation of substance abuse victims. The policies are established by IADA's Treatment and Rehabilitation Committee (consisting of representatives of public bodies involved in the treatment and rehabilitation of substance abuse victims) at their bi-monthly meetings.

2. Initiating and establishing new treatment models, with an emphasis on finding treatment solutions for sub-populations for which there are currently no particular structures.

Effective treatment of drug addiction in Israel is based on the research based guide "Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment" of the National Institute of Drug Addiction (NIDA).